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Objective@#To explore the prevalence of sexting among secondary vocational school students and to examine the correlation between sexting and mental health, so as to provide evidence for prevention and intervention on adolescents mental health.@*Methods@#In April 2021, three secondary vocational schools from central urban area, outskirts and outer suburbs in Shanghai, among 1 580 students were selected by cluster sampling.@*Results@#The proportions of students who received and who forwarded others private photos or videos were 11.96% and 2.78%, respectively. The proportion of students who sent others personal photos or videos was 2.54%. And the proportions of boys were higher than those of girls ( χ 2=45.89, 24.09, 6.66, P <0.01). The results of multivariable Logistic analysis showed that compared with those who had never sexted, students who had ever had any sexting were at higher risk of anxiety ( OR=2.40, 95%CI =1.59-3.61), depression( OR=1.86, 95%CI =1.25-2.75), non suicidal self injury intention ( OR=2.34, 95%CI =1.48-3.69) and suicidal intention ( OR=2.96, 95%CI =1.83-4.79)( P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#There is a significant correlation between sexting and mental health among secondary vocational school students. The latent risks of sexting should be included in the curriculum of comprehensive sex education for teenagers to enhance their media literacy and decision making capability, so as to prevent sexual assault or abuse caused by sexting and promote sexual and reproductive health and as well as mental health of adolescents.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between gender role attitudes (GRA) and adolescent depression to provide evidence for the promotion of mental health among adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 1 549 students from grades 6 to 8 in three public middle schools in Jing an District of Shanghai were selected by stratified cluster sampling. The baseline and follow up surveys were conducted by anonymous electronic questionnaire on mobile tablets from November to December in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The GRA Scale and the Depression Scale were used to collect subjects attitudes towards traditional role assignment and power inequality between men and woman and depression in family and sexual relationships. The multivariate Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model was adopted to examine the relationship between GRA and depression.@*Results@#The mean score of the GRA Scale was (2.52±0.83) and (2.29±0.86), while the score of Depression Scale was (15.92±5.08) and (16.48±5.29), in the baseline and follow up survey, respectively ( P <0.05). After controlling the covariates of age, bullied experience, body image, social cohesion, etc., the multivariate GEE model indicated traditional GRA was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression among both boys and girls ( β boys =0.38, β girls =0.41, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Traditional GRA may increase the risk of depression in adolescents, suggesting that cultivating a positive and equal GRA among this population group may help to prevent depression.
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Objective@#To explore the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent alcohol use and to provide evidence for prevention and intervention.@*Methods@#A total of 1 550 students from grades 6 to 8 in three public middle schools in a district of Shanghai were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. The baseline and follow up investigation were conducted by anonymous electronic questionnaire in mobile tablet from November to December in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The latent class analysis (LCA) was applied for the classification of ACEs, while the multivariate generalized estimating Equations (GEE) model was adopted to examine the association between ACEs and adolescent alcohol use.@*Results@#The ACEs was divided into 3 classes by LCA: high exposure (8.97%), abuse and neglect (38.97%), low exposure (52.06%). The multivariate GEE model indicates the risk of alcohol drinking among adolescents in high exposure and abuse and neglect classes were significantly higher than their counterparts in low exposure class ( OR=2.65, 95%CI=1.72-4.07; OR=1.50, 95%CI =1.14-1.96, respectively).@*Conclusion@#The effect of ACEs on alcohol use may vary across different latent classes. Supportive childhood environment may contribute to decrease the risk of adolescent drinking behavior.
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Objective@#To explore the heterosexual romantic expectation in early adolescence(10-14 years)and its influencing factors, and to provide a reference for instructing children of early puberty to establish a positive interpersonal relationship(including heterosexual relationship) and improving their healthy development.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to recruit students of grade 6-8 in three middle schools of Shanghai during November to December, 2017. Students were surveyed anonymously using Computer Assisted Self-Interview approach via the tablets. The collected data included the information on demographic, families, peers, use of the media, community cohesion and heterosexual romantic expectation. The ttest, Chi-square test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used to explore the relationships between potential factors and heterosexual romantic expectation.@*Results@#The mean score of heterosexual romantic expectation was 2.55. Score of the boys was higher than that of girls (2.62 vs. 2.47, t=2.65, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the scores of the ages before 12 years old (10-11: 2.34, 12: 2.28), but a significant increase of the scores along the age after 12 years old(13: 2.69, 14: 3.05). Multiple linear regression suggested that respondents with older age, poorer caregiver-child relationship, higher proportion of friends of the opposite sex, more friends that thought having boyfriends/girlfriends was important, more TV/movie use and lower community cohesion had higher score of heterosexual romantic expectation of early adolescents(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The early adolescents had relative conservative views on the heterosexual romantic relationships of adolescents of their own age while the boys were more permissive than girls. The heterosexual romantic expectation improved significantly after 12 years and may be influenced by factors of family, peers, media and community.
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Objective@#To explore the gender stereotype in early adolescence and the potential influencing factors.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to recruit students of grade 6-8 in three middle schools of Shanghai during November to December, 2017. Students were surveyed anonymously using Computer Assisted Self-Interview approach regarding geder stereotype and associated factors.@*Results@#Average gender stereotype score was (3.32±0.75), with boys(3.43±0.75)higher than the girls(3.20±0.72)(t=6.37, P<0.05). The "agreement" proportion was highest among gender stereotypes items which reflect personality characteristics such as "it’s important for boy to be strong and determined" "girls should be like a lady" and "girls were expected to be submissive"(60.99%，50.79%，43.95%), and the "agreement" proportion among boys increased with age, while decreased in girls. Boys who had sisters or recent bullying behaviors showed more gender stereotype[β(95%CI)=0.19(0.05-0.33), 0.39(0.12-0.67)]. Girls whose parents allowed to go to opposite sex homes alone had less gender stereotype, however, the gender stereotype became stronger when girls had more female peers[β(95%CI)=-0.22(-0.41--0.03),0.04(0.00-0.07)].@*Conclusion@#The young adolescents, especially boys, show certain level of gender stereotype. The normal heterosexual friendships and safe campus environments would help promote young adolescents to establish equal gender beliefs.
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Objective To investigate the expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6 in the plasma of HBV chronic patients.To acknowledge the correlation between the immune function of T-cell with chronic hepatitis B virus.Methods The expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6 in the plasma were determined by ELISA in 42 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB group), 30 cases of cirrhosis (LC group), 30 cases of primary liver cancer (HCC group) and 30 cases of health control (NC group).Combine with the load of HBV DNA, HBeAg and ALT, the expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6 were re-analysed.Results The expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-6 in the researched groups were statistically significantly different.The expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6 in CHB, LC and HCC groups were higher than NC group with significance.The expression level of IL-4 in the CHB group was higher than LC and HCC groups with significance.The expression level of IL-6 in the HCC group was higher than CHB and LC groups with significance.Compared with the control group, the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in CHB, LC and HCC groups were decreased with significance.There was significantly positive correlation between the expression level of IL-4 with the load of HBV DNA (r=0.757, P＜0.001).The expression level of IFN-γhad negative correlation between the load of HBV DNA (r=-0.786, P＜0.001) with the level of ALT (r=-0.713, P＜0.001) with significance.There was no significant correlation between HBeAg with the cytokines in the serum of patients with chronic HBV.Conclusion The results showed the immune function of T-cell play important role in chronic HBV patients.That would provide a good basis on CHB treatment.The expression levels of IL-6 were higher in HCC group with significance, which provided the direction for the deep study of liver cancer.